It provides a dry and a clean apex for improved retrograde sealing conditions. The rubber dam when properly placed prevents the scattering of the apical canal contents into the periradicular area during canal preparation. Use of the rubber dam for apical isolation during endodontic surgeries has several advantages. Additionally, there must be enough of the lingual apical surface of the root tip remaining for the rubber dam to be stretched and retained apically. Ideally, the use of this technique during a retrograde surgery involves a maxillary or a mandibular anterior tooth with a large enough periapical lesion so that the apex isolating instrument can be easily positioned. With a proper case selection, root end isolation is possible using a sterile rubber dam sheet. The rubber dam isolation of the tooth apex is essential for the success for such procedures as it provides adequate access, visibility, lighting, and a sterile dry environment. The introduction to surgical endodontics of innovative and versatile endodontic devices, techniques, and materials such as sonic instruments, thermoplastic gutta-percha, and reinforced zinc oxide-eugenol-based cements are available for improving the success and management of complicated surgery cases. The need to work under dry conditions and the idea of using a sheet of rubber to isolate the tooth dates almost 150 years. All excess filling material from the retrograde filling was removed with the rubber dam sheet in place. In this case, cavity was filled with mineral trioxide aggregate. The retrograde cavity was prepared and filled with appropriate material. The apex isolating instrument also served later to retract the soft tissues. The rubber dam was held in place by the isolating instrument and the remaining uncut portion of the root tip protruded through the hole. Punched rubber dam sheet was loosely placed over the apex of the tooth concerned, which was then stretched over the lingual aspect of the apex with the apex isolating instrument.
ARNALDO CASTELLUCCI ENDODONTICS VOLUME 3 FULL
This would work as an apex isolating instrument (1 cm in width).Ī full mucoperiosteal flap was raised. Plastic spatula was modified by drilling a hole at its tip to correspond to the apex of root of the tooth concerned. International lecturer, he gave presentations at National and International Congresses in Argentina, Brasil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Corea, England, France, Holland, Hong Kong, Germany, India, Israel, Lebanon, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Mexico, Monaco, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Singapore, Spain, Switzerland, Taiwan, Thailand, Ukraine, United States, Venezuela.Rubber dam sheet was modified to the size of 4 × 4 inches and hole was punched in the center of this modified sheet to the size of mandibular central incisor. He is Founder and President of the Micro-Endodontic Training Center in Florence, where he teaches and gives hands-on courses on nonsurgical and surgical Endodontics. He is the author of the text "Endodonzia", which now is available in the English language. He published articles on Endodontics in the most prestigious Endodontic Journals. He is also the Founder and President of the "Warm Gutta-Percha Study Club". He is the Editor of "The Italian Endodontic Journal" and of "The Endodontic Informer". Concepts in Practice", by Frank, Glick, Simon and Abou-Rass. He translated into Italian the text on "Clinical and Surgical Endodontics. Now is Visiting Professor of Endodontics at the University of Florence Dental School.
From 1983 to 2000 he has been Professor of Endodontics at the University of Siena Dental School. He has been the President of the International Federation of Endodontic Associations I.F.E.A. He is Active Member of the Italian Society of Restorative Dentistry S.I.D.O.C. He is Active Member of the American Association of Endodontists A.A.E. Active Member of the European Society of Endodontology E.S.E., he was the Secretary in 1981-83. since 1981, in 1982 he was elected in the Board of Directors of the Society where he worked as Scientific Advisor, Secretary Treasurer, Vice President and lately as President in 1993-95. Active Member of the Italian Endodontic Society S.I.E. Since then, he has a limited practice on Endodontics. From 1978 to 1980 he attended the Continuing Education Courses on Endodontics at Boston University School of Graduate Dentistry and in 1980 he spent four months in the Endodontic Department of Prof. Arnaldo Castellucci graduated in Medicine at the University of Florence in 1973 and he specialized in Dentistry at the same University in 1977.
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